Essay on Western Civilization - 1179 Words

Western Civilization In this essay I will be discussing four of the major themes in this course in terms of progress, they will be religion, humanism, individualism and secularism. I will discuss these concepts within the countries of England, France, and Russia, and show my point of view on each. Religion was very dominant throughout the early history in England, especially during the 16th and 17th centuries. This started to change during the late 17th century, when people started focusing more on human reason rather than religion. One of the reasons that people started losing their faith in the church is because of how the bishops were picked, and how the church itself was generally deteriorating; they werent changing at all†¦show more content†¦When Napoleon III was looking to maintain Catholic support in France, decided to intervene in Italian affairs in the Crimean War and in Mexico. After Napoleons collapse, the Third Republic was hostile to the influential role of the Catholic Church pla yed in French politics and introduced sharply anti-clerical legislation. In Russia religions influence was much different. There wasnt much influence at all in the period of 1815 to 1919. Czar Alexander proposed the Holy Alliance under which monarchs would pledge themselves to rule according to Christian teachings; here alot of them didnt have any sincerity, especially Alexander. Religion also intensified things as in France, Russia decided to intervene when the Greeks revolted against the Turks, claiming the need to protect fellow Christians from the Muslims. Russia has been Communist for a very long time already, and as such they are atheistic and they also persecuted organized religion as a rival for the peoples loyalty. But since the collapse of Communist for reasons other than religion, it has allowed churches to practice freely, like the Russian Orthodox, have shown a surprising amount of popular support. I believe that it was good for the religion to change because that way p eople dont rely wholly upon religion for everything and tend to think more for themselves. Not only that there were more choices of religion, which may have been a bad thingShow MoreRelatedWestern Civilization1515 Words   |  7 PagesCivilization: The West and the Rest Niall Ferguson’s thesis in his book â€Å"Civilization: The West and the Rest,† is to explain and prove why western civilization has exceeded the accomplishments of other nations throughout history up until present day. He attributes this world dominance to six â€Å"killer applications† the west had adopted and advanced beyond the means of any other civilizations. These applications were: competition, science, private property, medicine, consumption, and work. When explainingRead MoreThe Lost Truth : The Western Civilization2828 Words   |  12 PagesThe Lost Truth: The Western Civilization was built by the Catholic Church It is not unusual for an average American to possess a negative view on the Catholic Church. Indeed, historians find it difficult to convince most people that the Catholic Church did not give rise to the cultural and intellectual retrogression experienced during the Middle Ages. Dr. Thomas E. Woods, Jr. wrote a book called â€Å"How the Catholic Church built Western Civilization† to demonstrate that the Church’s contributionsRead MoreThe Influences On Western Civilization1559 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influences on Western Civilization by the Hebrew-Christian and Greco-Roman Traditions Western Civilization, as it is known today, is a coalescence of various cultures, ideologies, and practices that have been preserved over centuries of human life. Although a countless number of societies have influenced Western Civilization, Hebrew-Christian civilizations and Greco-Roman civilizations have been the two most influential. Both of these civilizations and their traditions have left equally deepRead More Western Civilization Essays991 Words   |  4 Pages Western Civilization from 1589 to 1914 had many specific changes that contributed to the structure of the western world before World War I. In the absolutism state sovereignty is embodied in the person of the ruler. Kings were absolute kings and were resposible to no none except god. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries absolute rulers had to respect the fundamental laws of their land. They had to control competing jurisdictions, institutions or groups that were interested in their territoryRead MoreThe Creation Of Western Civilization2015 Words   |  9 Pagesindividual. The contradiction in terms of Western civilization, however, was also was made obvious right from the start. The Greek’s attention on individuals arose from a slavery based society. The focus on individual rights created both a democratic system and an increase in learning, as well as scientific revolutions that would remain unique until the Renaissance. Adding onto the Greek groundwork, the Romans fu rthered another significant keystone of Western civilization; the establishment of laws. ThroughRead MoreThe Influence Of Western Civilization1673 Words   |  7 Pages The Influence of western Civilization Western Civilization has had a tremendous influence on many different cultures worldwide. From the Hispanic cultures in South and Central America, to the Caribbean islands, and also to the various exotic African countries, and even to the distinguished cultures that reside in the continent of Asia. In many ways than one, these cultures have been molded to be as westernized as they could possibly be without losing their traditional customs indefinitelyRead MoreWhat Is Western Civilization?2205 Words   |  9 Pages1. What is Western Civilization? Western civilization or the western culture that is broadly used in describing the heritage that is found in a normal society i.e. the ethical values, social norms, beliefs, political, specific artefacts, the technologies used and the political systems found in that society, that have some resemblance with that from European countries. This effect was felt because it was carried either through colonization or modern day immigration, hence the culture is transferredRead MoreAcient and Medieval Western Civilization766 Words   |  3 PagesAncient Medieval Western Civilization At the point when Alexander the Great died in Babylon on June 11 323 BC, few could have known the prospects for the Macedonians and the Greeks. In the last twelve years they had fulfilled wonderful victories that brought under their influence more than ten times the domain Alexander had started with in Greece. It was to be the start of the Hellenistic Age, a period of one of a kind social and political advancements, that achieved an amalgamation of old andRead MoreThe Transition Of Medieval Western Civilization970 Words   |  4 Pages#1 The transition from medieval western civilization to the Modern Age placed Western Europe in a position of global, political, and technological dominance and most importantly gave rise to the core of western thought: humanism and individualism. This hallmark thought however, would be nonexistent without the arts. The arts and artists of the Renaissance period and the Enlightenment reflect the prevailing values of not only Western Europe but in fact the Western world as a whole. Prior to the RenaissanceRead MoreEffects Of The Crusades On Western Civilizations915 Words   |  4 Pagesnegative impact to western civilization, however, that may not be the case. On the contrary, the Crusades provided a positive short-term and long-term economic, religious, and cultural development to western civilization. These wars caused a change in the economy and with politics. Though the crusades caused some negative consequences, it also provided some positive short-term consequences as well. These positive short-term consequences aided in the development of western civilizations. Some of these

Essay about A Free Society Must Expect Civil Disobedience

A Free Society Must Expect Civil Disobedience Are we morally obliged to obey even unjust laws? Think about what this means. This means that laws, regardless of how unfair, unjust, or immoral they may be, must be followed with no better reason that they are the law. To the thesis that we are obliged to obey even unjust laws, I will argue that the standard objections to Civil Disobedience, given by Singer, are incorrect To begin, however, I believe it is necessary to define an unjust law. According to St. Thomas Aquinas, Any law that uplifts human personality is just. Any law that degrades human personality is unjust. (King, 3) According to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., An unjust law is a code†¦show more content†¦It is true that people may join in disobedience, but if the law is unjust and is disobeyed within the guidelines I put forth later, people joining the disobedience would be a good thing. It would show the support of a strong minority, and may even help the minority to become a majority. The second standard objection says, If the law is to be effective - outside the anarchists utopia - there must be some machinery for detecting and penalizing lawbreakers. This machinery will cost something to maintain and operate, and the cost will have to be met by the community. If I break the law, the community will be put to the expense of enforcement. (Singer, 297) I will concede this point. There is no argument against it. I would, however, pose that the moral cost of obeying a law that one thinks is deplorable is higher than the cost of enforcing the law. I would remind you that mass genocide of non-Aryan races under Hitler was legal. Would we chastise someone for disobeying that law? Also, realistically, the cost is not very high per taxpayer. It is especially small when compared to the cost of morally compromising the entire society. This argument can be put down by a simple Utilitarian argument. The cost of maintaining and using an active police force is less than the cost of maintaining a morally compromised society. We are morally obliged to fix the problem. To continue along this train of thought, maybe puttingShow MoreRelatedEssay about Henry David Thoreaus Enlightenment and Ideas 1355 Words   |  6 Pages Civil Disobedience is one of Henry David Thoreaus most famous essays. One of the major problems most c ritics see with this essay deals with Thoreaus seemingly contradictory statements about society from the beginning to the end. Barry Wood, a well-known critical writer, attributes this change in beliefs to the enlightenment of Thoreau in jail. While I agree with Wood that Thoreau does achieve a form of enlightenment, I will show that Thoreaus views regarding the society he lived in neverRead MoreThe New York Sheriff s Public Statement810 Words   |  4 PagesIn A Free Society the Police Usually Only Show Up After the Trigger Is Pulled Upstate New York sheriff urges licensed gun owners to carry firearm with them. The sheriff was quoted as saying, It s better to have it than not have it. We re partners with the public in crime prevention.(Associated Press, 2015). In November of 2015 a sheriff in Idaho had advised citizens of the county to purchase or to own firearms. The reason for the sheriff s public statement was because of two robberies by armedRead MoreEssay Civil Disobedience2559 Words   |  11 PagesCivil Disobedience History, as Karl Marx suggest, is defined by human suffering. When a man is oppressed, his natural recours is rebellion. Most ost restiance movements of the past incorporated violenve. Violence has been a mean to an end for centurys. Even today our lives are chronicled through violence and human suffering. However, a paradox ensues when revolutionaries use violence to free themselves from oppression, as a mean to an end. By replacing violence with violence, you are only contuiningRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Whitman s Works And Pieces1452 Words   |  6 Pagesthat they will not ignore that society has to collaborate to resolve problems and issues in order to unify the nation as one. It is important that all races are treated equally and they must remove the barriers that are preventing freedom. As America develops its culture, these unintimidated activists have similar dreams including Walt Whitman, Langston Hughes, Charlotte Gilman, Malala Yousafzi, Alice Paul, and Martin Luther King Jr. influence their views of society to promote equality and socialRead MoreJonathan Roghubir. Ethics Of Engagment. Professor Genzale...2085 Words   |  9 PagesJonathan Roghubir Ethics of Engagment Professor Genzale ​We live in a society where we must fit and understand social justice. Its justice in terms of how wealth is distributed and the different opportunities and privileges amongst the people. Viewing things in an ethical manner allows people to make decisions based on position of self and society. People all over transpire from many different ethnic backgrounds leaving the world very diverse. What people fail to realize is that not everyoneRead MoreThe Art Of Deception : The Origin Of And Escape From The Spread Of Falsehoods Essay1413 Words   |  6 Pagesdoubts because he fears that he shall lose his credibility as a judge if he admits to his mistakes. After sentencing several citizens to death, Danforth tells Hale, â€Å"Twelve are already executed, the names of these seven are given out, and the village expects to see them die in the morning† (Crucible 129). Danforth then affirms that he â€Å"should hang ten thousand that dared to rise against the law† (Crucible 129). By including the number, â€Å"ten thousand,† Danforth makes the â€Å"twelve† already hanged and theRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1794 Words   |  8 Pagesthat cross my desk, my secretaries would have little time for anything other than such correspondence in the course of the day, and I would have no time for constructive work. He appeals to the logic of these eight clergymen, for they undoubtedly must realize the exorbitant amount of criticism King and his followers receive. Continuing on his logos assault he states â€Å"There can be no gainsaying the fact that racial injustice engulfs this community. Birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregatedRead MoreLoss of Innocence in Raisin in the Sun and To Kill a Mockingbird1974 Words   |  8 Pageswas frequently worse as it was a struggle to secure the basic needs of life, practically survival, rather than living life. For a time immediately following the Civil War, the African-Americans and White Americans enjoyed a period of relative equally as every Confederate supporter was barred from running for any government post and civil jobs; an African-American could fill these jobs that mostly every White Southerner was barred from having, so some of the Southern States had African-American representativesRead MoreEssay on Lockes Theory of Resistance3076 Words   |  13 PagesJohn Locke [1632 to 1704], set out by him at length in The Second Treatise of Government, originally published in 1689, but almost certainly written during late 1682 and early 1683 [1]. 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The Costs and Consequences of Drone Warfare International Affairs

Question: Discuss about the Essay for The costs and consequences of drone warfare.International Affairs? Answer: Introduction Changes in the management that are increasing at a fast rate and becoming less predictable are leading to a condition where the gathered information is becoming outdated. The trends of business are changing at an alarming rate all over the world and the companies or organizations that do not support change in the system of management (Johnson, 2013). Many in the global sector have acknowledged the importance of leadership in managing emergencies. Strategic leadership, change management and crisis management are very important for an organization to function smoothly. This particular paper will discuss the use of drones in the military system of the United States of America. The U.S. military operates numerous unmanned aerial vehicles or UAVs to target suspect militants in the tribal areas of Pakistan and Yemen. It has been confirmed by President Barrack Obama that the U.S. military is using drones or UAVs to protect the country from external attacks (Byman, 2013). The drones are usually used in conditions where manned flights are considered difficult or too risky. Drones can be referred to unmanned combat aerial vehicle to keep a close watch on the activities of the attackers. The drone operators who are technically skilled people and work for long hours operate the drones. It is because of the tremendous pressure that people are expressing less interest in pursuing the positions of drone operators. This paper will find out the possible outcomes for people backing out from the position and showing less interest in pursuing the position of drone o perators. Strategic Leadership Perspective Strategic leadership is considered as the ability to accommodate visionary operational management by integrating philosophical thoughts with the realities of the company (Schoemaker, Krupp Howland, 2013). It requires the operational supervision of daily activities. It further helps in assuming the implementation and formulation of strategies for unseen events and implementing the long-term objectives to ensure development and survival. The organizational leaders of the present era require strategic thinking skills to foster growth, sustain operations and facilitate smooth functioning of the organizational activities (Carter Greer, 2013). The drones patrol the skies and they are used in launching lethal strikes against the suspected terrorists. Drones help the military officials to reach remote places where normal aircrafts cannot reach. It is because the regions are either difficult or too risky to reach. The drone policy has helped to spark public backlash in Yemen and Pakistan. Drones usually do not create sympathy or anger for terrorist movements in the countries. The drones are piloted and unmanned and they are used to help the military officials to keep an eye on the terrorists or attackers. However, it is seen that the drone operators (also known as the pilots) need to work for a very long time. They are skilled personnel and face tremendous pressure to operate drones for nearly eight long hours. On the contrary, they work six days a week. Therefore, it becomes hectic for them to deliver their services. This is the only reason that people are not willing to pursue the position of a drone operator. This is when strategic leadership is required. A leader can help the military system to pursue other individuals to make decisions voluntarily for the betterment of the military organization. He or she will influence people to operate drones for the betterment of the military operations (Springer, 2013). It can help the individuals to cope with the essential environmental changes. A strategic leader is believed to adjust, reorient and organize the improvements within an organization. A strategic leader is also believed to appeal to the emotions of the group and inspire the team members to achieve success in the end. The leaders in the U.S. military can motivate the individuals to participate in the welfare activities of the country. They can adopt strategies to reduce the working hours of the pilots or increase their pay to gain benefits from the individuals (Kark, Karazi-Presler Tubi, 2016). This will affect the military system of U.S. in a better way and the country can safeguard itself from the attackers. Change Management Leadership is an effective process of generating change within an organization (Hayes, 2014). The leader usually imposes the change. However, it is often considered as a sharing process of the same values and purpose. Leaders should be the change promoters within the organizations. Leaders have the power to motivate and influence others to achieve the desired organizational goals. A leader who imposes change is usually an individual with the capability to influence the employees, teams and organizations to change their behaviors on a certain decision-making process (Cameron Green, 2015). Leadership plays a crucial role in implementing certain organizational changes. Leadership can be quite effective and successful on implementing the organisational changes under the following topics: Creating structural change- leaders need to keep a track of the change phenomena within the organization and providing support through consistent processes and tools. Implementing, as well as, sustaining changes- leaders must develop effective action plans to supervise the progress towards the change. Engaging other people- leaders must be efficient enough to engage people in the decision-making process of the organization. Creating the change case- leaders should be capable enough to create awareness among the employees regarding the necessity of change. Developing and facilitating capability- leaders should be able to sustain people to bring out their motivation to achieve change. In this particular case, the leaders of the U.S. military should speak to the concerned authority to send fewer individuals into war and attacks on the enemies of the country. It will help the country to save the individuals from being ravaged at wars. However, the country needs many behind-the-scenes workforces. It means that the military forces need to keep a watch on the terrorist activities with the use of drones. However, most of the individuals are not showing interest in pursuing the role of a drone operator. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the leaders to influence the people to make them aware of the necessary changes within the military forces (Horowitz Stam, 2014). Crisis Management It is the duty of the leaders to foresee the crisis of the organization. The necessity of leadership in crisis management is acknowledged at the global sector (Coombs, 2014).The leader should take responsible decision during the crisis period for the smooth functioning of the business of the company (Johnson, 2013). During the crisis period, the employees often lose their hope and shows less interest at the workplaces. This particular case depicts a similar situation. The drone pilots are not showing interest to operate the drone due to excessive stress. They work for eight hours a day and six days a week. It is very stressful for them to work for such long hours (Russell, Butkus Figley, 2016). There is often limited funding in the military and therefore, it becomes impossible for the individuals to devote their time to the work for less money. Here comes the responsibility of an efficient leader. A leader should adopt certain measures to motivate and influence the individuals to de liver their best performances. The workforce is diminishing with every passing day, as the individuals are no longer interested to pursue the position of drone operators. The leaders must instill the thoughts of patriotism into the minds of the individuals. They should be motivated to work for their country. The leaders should consider the fact that there is limited funding. The workforces, who go outside at war, have fixed funding, which is quite limited (Boyle, 2013). The leaders should motivate the workforce to continue with their services within the limited funding. They should be made aware that they go at war only for the betterment of the country. This ideology is instilled among the individuals through effective leadership. On the other hand, the leaders should adopt some measures to reduce the pressure of the drone pilots. Few of them can be appointing alternative pilots after a fixed period, offering incentives for hard work and extreme effort. This will help the military forces to cope with the crisis period and defend the enemies through drone operations. Team and shared leadership are best suited for managing crisis within the military operations. Every individual would receive equal opportunity to participate in the decision-making process (Daft, 2014). However, the team leader would take the decision. This would lead to the success of the military operations. Conclusion At the end, it can be concluded that effective leadership is quite necessary for the smooth functioning of the organizational affairs. The leaders in the U.S. military should be efficient enough to manage the team members and motivate them to deliver their best performances for the betterment of the organization. The leaders need to be cautious regarding the operations of the drone pilots. They remain under huge stress and because of the stress, they are backing out from pursuing the position of drone operators. It is the duty and responsibility of the leaders to motivate the officials to manage stress and work for the betterment of the country. This will help the country to prevent themselves from the external attackers and terrorists. Strategic leadership, change management and crisis management define the characteristic and responsibility of a leader to take effective decisions. References Boyle, M. J. (2013). The costs and consequences of drone warfare.International Affairs,89(1), 1-29. Byman, D. (2013). Why drones work.Foreign Affairs,92(4), 32-43. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Carter, S. M., Greer, C. R. (2013). Strategic leadership: Values, styles, and organizational performance.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 1548051812471724. Coombs, W. T. (2014).Ongoing Crisis Communication: Planning, Managing, and Responding: Planning, Managing, and Responding. Sage Publications. Daft, R. (2014).The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Horowitz, M. C., Stam, A. C. (2014). How prior military experience influences the future militarized behavior of leaders.International Organization,68(03), 527-559. Johnson, C. E. (2013).Meeting the ethical challenges of leadership: Casting light or shadow. Sage Publications. Kark, R., Karazi-Presler, T., Tubi, S. (2016). Paradox and challenges in military leadership.Leadership Lessons from Compelling Contexts (Monographs in Leadership and Management, Volume 8) Emerald Group Publishing Limited,8, 157-187. Russell, M. C., Butkus, S. N., Figley, C. R. (2016). Contribution of military organization and leadership factors in perpetuating generational cycle of preventable wartime mental health crises: part one.Psychological Injury and Law,9(1), 55-72. Schoemaker, P. J., Krupp, S., Howland, S. (2013). Strategic leadership: The essential skills.Harvard business review,91(1), 131-134. Springer, P. J. (2013).Military robots and drones: a reference handbook. ABC-CLIO.