JARED GIBBSPAN 3220 Essays - Spanish Prepositions, Popular Music

JARED GIBBSPAN 3220 Scaled down ensay numero 4: Goya y los Caprichos 10/29/17 Las obras de Goya child muy diverso y tan extensivo que tocaria un rato a revisar y analizar a todas. Por eso, hoy, analizo solamente el dibujo Nadie se conoce. En este arte se ve algunos rostros, uno del espantapajaros, uno lista para ir al baile de mascaras, uno de mujer comun, y tambien vez en la esquina uno que no parece tener nothing que ver con los otros. A mi, este dibujo dice Task el mundo esta escondido detras del rostro, y nadie sabra realmente quien esta detras la mascara. Yo estoy muy de acuerdo con la thought de Goya que alguien nunca puede saber por certeza quien es alguien realmente. Esto es algo que task experimentamos en la vida diaria. Por ejemplo, feed personas como yo. Yo soy un poco agresivo y yo me he encontrado en unas luchas, pero casi nadie que yo conozco sabes eso. Tasks mis companeros de trabajo y tasks mis clientes piensan que soy una persona de paz y contra violencia, porque es lo que muestran en trabajo. Por esta razon basica, estoy muy de acuerdo con el senor Goya y su mensaje de este dibujo.

Dutiful Characters of Ibsen and Sophocles Essay

Nora of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House, and Antigone of Antigone (by Sophocles) have all had conditions set in opposition to them, yet inside these horrible conditions they have obligations to perform. Their requirements as ladies or as individuals whose predeterminations are represented by destiny have made them be without satisfying alternatives in their situationsâ€and through the exhibition of their obligations destiny regularly accomplishes its work. They have both acted in manners that cause them to be seen as the devoted characters in their accounts. Where there have been triumphs, the accomplishment of their objectives against chances uncovers them as persevering characters who move to suit and acclimate to the changes of life, and who can resist hardship and even passing to perform their responsibilities to those for whom they feel unwaveringness. The circumstance given Antigone isn't one that can be messed with, as resistance of power inside that culture of antiquated Greece had the capacity to demolish a person. Such an individual would need to be certain that the person was acting as per the desires of the divine beings. In the play, Antigone is worried that the absence of internment for her sibling (who as she would like to think had done no off-base) ought to be an attack against the divine beings. All things being equal, on the off chance that it was not detested by the divine beings, she was happy to resist them so as to fulfill herselfâ€for it was an attack against her and she thought of it as her obligation to correct the circumstance. It was a perilous thing for Antigone to wind up in insubordination of the divine beings (who control destiny) and of the lord Creon. Her dad, Oedipus had in his day ended up on an inappropriate side of Fate and was destroyed thus (Oedipus, the King). As the girl of a reviled man, Antigone realized that her destiny could be an ominous one and that it would serve her best to act as per the desires of the divine beings. However her obligation to her sibling was more grounded, and she went about as she wished and fixed her destiny. In A Doll’s House, Nora’s obligation is toward her family as Antigone’s has been, and she also resists chances so as to satisfy them. As Nora uncovers her hardships to Mrs. Linde, it is obvious that she has attempted numerous approaches to make good conditions for her better half. As a loyal spouse, she has made numerous endeavors to make a decent home. So as to do this, she sets out on the matter of obtaining cash so her family may have the option to meet its commitments. She substantiates herself ready to deny her needs so as to satisfy her own commitments to the obligation. She utilizes all the gadgets she as a lady has toward the satisfaction of the objective. She substantiates herself preferred prepared over even her significant other who, having the capacities and chances of a man, has not indicated a large portion of the genius she has, nor has he practiced so a lot. In analyzing the activities of Antigone, one can exhibit exactly how she gave her loyalty all through the play. She starts by challenging the declaration of the ruler, who has denied entombment to her sibling. Antigone at first requests that her sister help with the internment, â€Å"Will you help these hands take up Polyneices’ cadaver and cover it? † (lines 52-53). This supplication for help exhibits how common Antigone felt her obligation toward her sibling to be. She anticipated that her sister should share it beyond a shadow of a doubt. In any case, considerably after her sister cannot, she gives her obligation in her capacity to act given constrained assets in her readiness to do all herself. Upon her sister’s refusal, she answers â€Å"I’ll perform my responsibility to my brotherâ€and yours also, if you’re not set up to. I won’t be discovered selling out him† (lines 56-58). In spite of the fact that she can't impact her sister, she is still shows assurance to play out her obligation in her capacity to make the circumstance she wants. It is additionally conceivable to follow the zones in which Nora has shown herself dutifulâ€and in her obligation, ingenious. In the years following the episode, she has figured out how to reimburse the vast majority of her advance without assistance, giving up the inadequate joys of her life. She transfers this here: â€Å"It has been quite serious to meet my commitment promptly. You should know, Christina, that in business there are things called portions, and quarterly intrigue, that are awfully difficult to accommodate. So I’ve needed to squeeze somewhat to a great extent, any place I could. † This shows the obligation that she has to her significant other, kids and the administration of her obligation. She doesn't show the strain that probably been after herâ€remaining solid to her youngsters as a devoted mother should. She prevails in without any assistance pivoting the destiny of her family, while proceeding. Her weight was frequently incredible, as she communicates, â€Å"sometimes I was so worn out, so drained. But then it was breathtaking to work in that manner and procure cash. I nearly felt as though I was a man. † Her capacity of similarity permitted her to change from latent spouse to dynamic and loyal provider, as she expect a job commonly held for those the other gender. In both A Doll’s House and Antigone, other characters’ disappointments in their obligation serve to reinforce the impact of the obligations performed by Antigone and Nora. Creon (the lord) may be viewed as loyal in light of the fact that he completes the pronouncements of his seat tenaciously. However, in the entirety of his capacity and his endeavors at obligation, he bombs in contrast with Antigone who overcomes passing in her presentation of her obligation. All Creon’s power doesn't pick up Antigone’s submission, and however he announces of Polyneices, â€Å"He’ll be left unburied, his body there for winged creatures and pooches to eat† (lines 234-5) his statement is unnoticed by Antigone so what he says won't occur does in actuality occur. Antigone’s feeling of obligation permits her the backbone to confront a ruler who is sponsored by a military. She realizes that Creon can order the country’s military and have her ousted or murdered for her deed, but her steadfastness to her sibling incites her toward submitting the demonstration of disobedience. Antigone ends up being the essayist of her own destiny, and acknowledges demise for her obligation toward her sibling. She says, â€Å"Take me and execute me† (line 565) requesting (and getting) her own demise. Ismene, similar to Creon, can scarcely be viewed as loyal in that she communicates no genuine wish to be faithful (no matter what) to her sibling. In spite of the fact that she too adored her sibling, she fears the force that Creon needs to exile or murder dissidents. Her discourses are for the most part questions and show no tendency toward activity. She says, â€Å"What? You’re going to cover Polyneices, when that’s been made a wrongdoing for all in Thebes? † (lines 54-55). Here she unpretentiously will not support Antigone and shows considerably further the absence of obligation she feels. However even with Antigone’s solid sentiments of obligation, Ismene can't forestall the activity. A lot later when Antigone realizes she will bite the dust, Ismene asks, â€Å"Even now is there some way I can help? † (line 631). She requests to support now, when she denied her assistance previously, and this reflects not obligation but rather an endeavor to imagine dedication when she realizes that no assistance is currently conceivable. She represents practically nothing, offering not very many expressions or assertions, and demonstrates herself to be among the least obedient characters of the play. Again in Ibsen’s A Doll’s House, Nora shows her capacity to play out her obligations in her dealings with Krogstad. Here, however she is off guard, she despite everything figures out how to a huge degree to coordinate the courses of actionâ€showing that her creativity goes to her guide in playing out her obligations. She isn't reluctant to go as far as control all together that her commitments are satisfied. She realizes when to act and when to be still and let others do the representing her. Despite the fact that she shows up not to, she coordinates Mrs. Linde to utilize her impact with Krogstad to help her in her circumstance. In the wake of spilling out her burdens to Mrs. Linde, Nora makes a bogus endeavor to hinder her when she offers to converse with Krogstad. Nora says, â€Å"Don’t; he’ll do you some harm,† completely realizing that it will generally be false. Nora’s follow up to this obstruction nearly invalidates it: â€Å"Here’s his card. Yet, the letter, the letter-! † This capacity to control individuals and circumstances is likewise proof of the degrees to which she will go so as to satisfy her obligation to her significant other. As opposed to this, Mrs. Linde’s endeavor at loyalty inside her own marriage and after fail to measure up to Nora’s She has taken a stab at business, she says, â€Å"I needed to battle my way by keeping a shop, a little school, anything I could turn my hand to. † However, this was without much of any result. She is still absent a lot of cash and, however she was hitched to a rich man, has achieved not close to as much as Nora has. Her obligation seems to have been coordinated toward herself and her own improvement by means of union with an affluent man. She has exhibited no quality in her obligation toward him in keeping up (or in any event, adding to) the riches that they once had. Nora again substantiates herself more capable even than her better half to control situationsâ€and the achievement she shows an assurance brought into the world of her loyal attributes. It is here, in any case, that her obedience shifts from her significant other toward herself. Despite the fact that Torvald finds out about the credit, she finds his genuine nature and is no longer driven by his wants or taken in by his pleasantness. He entices her with every one of his charms and fizzles. He announces from the start when reality comes out, â€Å"you have acquired no religion, no ethical quality, no feeling of duty,† yet a couple of moments later when he gets the produced note he says, â€Å"I realize that what you did was in support of adoration for me. † He shows need of propriety and intelligence to impact a recuperation, and Nora’s reason permits her to see this. In the mean time, her recently discovered du

Essay --

I decided to talk about clean eating for this task as I really accept that sustenance is the foundation for good wellbeing. I accept this announcement dependent on science and realities, and not what is stylish or as of now being examined during the nightly news. Science has given us that our bodies deal with a cell level, and in the event that we feed those cells ineffectively in the types of high-fat, fatty, handled nourishments, which offer no dietary benefit, at that point the cells can't carry out their responsibilities appropriately and negatively affect wellbeing. The term clean eating has various implications to various individuals; be that as it may, all concur that at the core of the expression, it shows that individuals perceive that nourishment has a crucial impact in wellbeing. So how and for what reason does nourishment have a fundamental influence in wellbeing? This paper will talk about the perspectives. Initially, start by eating entire nourishments. This one is quit e direct - rather than a banana nut biscuit, eat a banana and a few nuts! The essential guideline of eating clean is to supplant prepared nourishments with new and common food sources. To me, this implies nourishments that haven't had anything added to them, and haven't had anything significant removed. Thus, regardless of whether you're not developing quinoa in your back yard, you can purchase this entire grain in the mass area of your market, or in a case, where the main fixing is quinoa, and just quinoa. That is a long ways from a refined grain, that has been deprived of its fiber-rich wheat (external skin) and nutritious germ (the internal part that grows into another plant), faded, and doctored up with additives. Let fixings manage you I don't believe it's reasonable to eat nothing that comes out of a container, box, or sack, yet when you do, the absolute first thing a perfect eater takes a gander at is the fixing list. ... ...l, the expression the type of food you eat will affect you general health is actually evident, so being astute about your nourishment just bodes well. Supplements make the establishment for the structure and capacity of each cell in your body, and in light of the fact that your body is in a consistent condition of support and fix, the wellbeing and working of your cells is straightforwardly dictated by what you've been eating. Entire, characteristic nourishments give the structure obstructs that go to work to maintain your muscles, bones, organs, insusceptible framework, and hormones. So tidying up your eating routine is a great deal like beginning to fabricate and bolster your body with the most excellent crude materials. Thus, I've seen a pledge to clean eating really change my customers' lives, from more clear, sparkling skin and shinier hair to more vitality, better state of mind and rest quality, more clear reasoning, less a throbbing painfulness, and even a more noteworthy sex drive.

Dinosaurs Of The Jurassic Period - Free Essay Example

Dinosaurs of the Jurassic Period Nicole Jones Park University Abstract This paper examines the Dinosaurs of the Jurassic Period. The paper considers the holistic view of the Jurassic period in addition to the Dinosaurs that roamed the Earth during this period. Finally, historical consideration evidence leading to the demise or disappearance of the dinosaurs. Analysis is based upon research conducted from ten academic reference sites. The paper provides an understanding of the different species that lived during the Jurassic period and the environmental and climatic conditions that supported them. Also discussed is a significant amount of information regarding palaeontologists’ discoveries of great dinosaur faunas, such as the Jurassic Morrison Formation. Why did the dinosaurs flourish during the Jurassic period and what evidence is there to support it? How did the environment and climatic conditions impact the evolution of the species? What ultimately resulted in the extinc tion of the species? The Jurassic Period, also known as the Age of Reptiles, and is marked from the end of the Triassic period to the beginning of the Cretaceous period; the time frames within this period are broken down into Early, Middle and Late Jurassic. There are three main extinction events in the life of the dinosaurs, none of which took place during the Jurassic period; however, the beginning of the Jurassic period is identified by the Triassic-Jurassic extinction. The term Jurassic was linked to the Jura Mountains of Switzerland, a small range north of the Swiss Alps dividing the Rhone and Rhine rivers (Palmer, 2002). In the Jurassic period, there were many vertebrates living in the oceans, including, fish and marine reptiles; these included that of coiled ammonites, ichthyosaurs, marine crocodiles, and long-necked plesiosaurs. Herbivores roamed the earth, feeding on the lush growths of palm-like cycads and ferns, while being preyed upon by smaller but vicious carnivo res; and vertebrates such as the pterosaurs took to the sky (Palmer, 2002). During this time, the dinosaurs dominated the earth and were more numerous and more extraordinary than those in the Triassic period, in fact, the Jurassic period housed the largest land animals of all time. Palaeontologists have discovered many amazing dinosaur faunas revealing information about the dinosaurs as well as the geographical and climatical terrain of the Jurassic period, conceding the Jurassic Period to be one of the most flourishing times in the Mesozoic era. Climatic features are a very important consideration in Jurassic times, primarily temperature and precipitation; for many years it has been said that the climates of the Jurassic were similar to those of the Cretaceous, yet were considerably more equable than the climates we know today (Hallam, 1993). Palaeontologists had formed a consensus that the climate was hot and humid, with steady precipitation which presented ideal climatic co nditions for the explosive spread of flora. However, this belief has recently been challenged; while the climates of the Jurassic haven’t been studied like those of the Cretaceous, enough data has been gathered to form reasonably confident hypotheses regarding the overall patterns during that time. One example in particular is shown in the large supercontinent of Pangaea, which is believed to have experienced a significantly seasonal range of temperatures (Hallam, 1993). Early in the Jurassic period, this large continent continued and accelerated to breakup, creating huge volcanoes with rivers of lava and clouds of poisonous gases; it is possible that this contributed to the significantly higher atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide which is assumed of Jurassic times (Hallam, 1993). Pangaea divided into many smaller continents; the northern half, Laurasia, divided into North America and Eurasia, and by the Middle Jurassic the southern half, Gondwana began to break up; th e eastern part, to include Antarctica, India, Australia and Madagascar separated from Africa and South America, making up the western portion (Unknown, 2010). Thus, oceans engulfed the areas in between, raising the mountains on the seafloor, which raised sea levels higher, flowing onto the continents (Unknown, n. d. ). Hence, the climate changed accordingly; for example, they may have experienced â€Å"strong seasonal contrasts of temperature within large continental areas as well as some polar ice. Monsoonal effects were dominant on the continents and rainfall in low and mid latitudes was probably strongly seasonal, with arid conditions prevailing at low latitudes† (Hallam, 1993). In the late Jurassic, scientists noted a considerable spread of aridity in southern Eurasia and attributed this to orographic effects (Hallam, 1993). Although there are no concrete conclusions regarding the climate during the Jurassic times, we do know that the forests flourished and the dino saurs grew larger than ever before. Research has shown the flora distributions of the Jurassic period indicate a wide array of ferns, ginkgoes, conifers, bennettitaleans and cycads, many of which still exist today (Palmer, 2002). In the Jurassic life, the conifers were the most variegated of the large trees, and among those were the ginkgos. Ginkoes carpeted the mid-to high northern latitudes, and podocarps, a type of conifer, were particularly successful south of the Equator† (Unknown, n. d. ). The ostensibly palm-like cyads were very diverse and abundant; so much so that the Jurassic period could also be referred to as â€Å"the Age of the Cycads† (Kazlev, 2002). Some cyads were very tall trees with rough branches that were covered by leaf scars and fern-like fronds (Kazlev, 2002). Others, such as the beenettitaleans, were of extreme importance among the shrub-like trees, having short and stubby trunks with the fronds sprouting from the top (Kazlev, 2002). Although many different trees and plants fared well during the Triassic period, we can conclude the flora of the Jurassic was much more lush and verdant (Viegas, 2010). However, there are marked differences in the vegetation based on their geographical location. In the Lower Jurassic, scientists have mapped the northern floral zone to include such countries as Siberia and Japan, Greenland, northern and central Europe; from here, they mapped a southern zone, which extended from Mexico to the Middle East and southern China (as cited in Hallam, 1993). Therefore, it is possible the zones might reflect a wide variation of the latitudinal differentiation, however, some considered the differences were due in part to the continentality of the climate, thus exhibiting evidence to the degree of contrast between the seasons (as cited in Hallam, 1993). The climate of the northern zone was considered to be humid and moderately warm whilst that of the southern zone could be compared to the present humid tropical zone (Hallam, 1993). Conifer pollens have been used as an indicator to detect the amount of aridity during this period; the pollens were found to be the most abundant Upper Jurassic sediments, and as such indicated a time of maximum aridity during that time (as cited in Hallam, 1993). Scientists also found strong differentiation between the conifer species observed in the northern hemisphere and that of the southern emisphere; this is considered not a reflection of climate change, but more of shifting continents, as pollen, cannot cross oceans (Hallam, 1993). For example, â€Å"The Indian floras are significantly different from those in adjacent Eurasia, which presumably relates to the subcontinent’s northward migration in post-Jurassic times† (Hallam, pg. 288. 1993). In essence, the Jurassic period was a time of abundance in terms of vegetation growth and the evolutionary growth of the dinosaurs, but there was more to life than plants and dinosaurs; the seas also began to flourish. The breaking up of the supercontinent created a new environment for marine life as well; Similar to the growth on land, massive changes were taking place in the oceans in many different ways, particularly with the newly formed shallow interior seas. Fishlike ichthyosaurs were at their crest, replacing their Triassic predecessors, they shared the oceans with creatures displaying long necks and paddle fins known as plesiosaurs, in addition to giant marine crocodiles, and modern shark groups also began to appear (Kazlev, 2002). Another species prominent in the seas were the Jurassic cephalopods which included ammonites and belemnites. In the seas there was also a wide array of invertebrates, to include:  sponges, corals, bryozoa, gastropods, bivalves and ammonoid and belemnite cephalopods; while they all thrived, the latter two groups becamd the dominant nektonic invertebrates for the remainder of the Mesozoic period (Kazlev, 2002). Plankton was al so very abundant, more specifically, the dinoflagellates and coccolithophorids became more diverse during this time (Palmer, 2002). Indeed, the Jurassic oceans have been said to have something really special about them; â€Å"Of the dozen or so types of planktonic organisms with a fossil record, at least four either first evolved or experienced massive radiation during Jurassic† (Kazlev, 2002). There are many ideas of what that â€Å"something† might be; it could have been something as simple as an abundance of free calcium, however, red algae evolved in the Jurassic which suggests that the â€Å"something in the water† was the rhodophytes themselves, or alternatively, their chloroplasts (Kazlev, 2002). Some have gone as far to say that the plankton at that time was so copious it may have turned parts of the ocean red. Due to the vast changes on the land and in the seas, we can assume the dinosaurs of the Jurassic evolved as well, keeping up with their sur roundings. The dinosaurs of the Jurassic period were very different from each other, consisting of a greater variety, in comparison to other periods. Due to the changes in climate, the forests grew, the herbivores became immense, and the carnivores also grew larger and fiercer to go up against such huge prey. It was a time of the largest land animals ever to exist on our planet; the saurpods were enormous vegetarian feeders who fed on a variety of plants, rumbling around on four, huge, pillar like legs, had a very long necks and long tails following behind (Unknown, n. d. ). This large group of saurischian herbivores had relatively small heads, considering their overall size, and displayed peg-like teeth that were primarily used for grazing (Unknown, n. d. ). Included in this group was the Apatosaurus, also known as the Brontosaurus, weighing in at about 30 tons and was around 65 feet in length; another well-known herbivore during this time was the Diplodocus; the Diplodocus w as much longer, measuring around 90 feet in total length, and an estimated weight of 11 tons (Unknown, n. d. ). Also in the Late Jurassic was the Brachiosaurus who was even more enormous, weighing an astonishing 55 to 80 tons (Unknown, n. d. ). These animals walked the great floodplains eating the leaves of tall conifers and taking water from the rivers as they traveled; they are believed to be in herd animals that traveled at a very leisurely pace. Herbivorous dinosaurs consumed a vast amount of food in order to survive; they needed to eat continuously in order to store up large surpluses of energy in order to escape their predators. Another plant-eating dinosaur from the ornithopods, was the Stegosaurus, one of the most popular of the distinct-looking stegosaur group; famous for the row of back plates, also known as ‘dermal plates or dermal armor’, which palaeontologists believe were used to regulate body temperature (Unknown, n. d. ). The Stegosaurs was a slow moving dinosaur whose appearance may have warned off predators, and possibly swayed its tail using the spikes to defend itself. Carnosaurs, meaning â€Å"meat-eating lizards†, were theropods who reached their peak during the Jurassic period. These carnivorous dinosaurs were bipedal, meaning they walked on two legs and they were smaller in comparison to the sauropods, however they were much more vicious. One of the most formidable carnivorous dinosaurs of this time was the Allosaurus; this was a fierce and terrifying creature that had long narrow jaws filled with very sharp teeth that could rip its prey to shreds; this dinosaur was extremely well muscled, growing to about 35 feet tall, having extremely short front legs with long sharp claws and extending from its feet were three long toes with talons similar to an eagles (Smith, 2005). Another meat-eating dinosaur that was present during Jurassic times was the Dilophosaurus; this creature sported a double crest on the to p of its head (which is guessed to be either ornamental or sexual), measured about 6 meters long, stood about 8 feet tall, and was quite slender (Smith, 2005). The Dilophosaurus had â€Å"strong hind legs; forelimbs with hands that were flexible, with an opposable thumb so he can grasp his prey his hind legs, his feet, were armed with very powerful claws and were probably used as weapons as well as for locomotion. He was bipedal of course, and probably a very rapid runner† (Smith, 2005). One of the first dinosaurs to be found and named was the Megalosaurus, meaning â€Å"great reptile†; this large carnivore also lived in the Jurassic period and was considered to be more intelligent and could run faster in comparison to the other dinosaurs (Dinosaur Facts, 2010). Standing about 10 feet tall, measuring 30 feet long, and weighing in around a ton, this fierce hunter was equipped with a big bulky body, long legs with clawed feet, sharp claws protruding from his three-fin gered hands, and big powerful jaws full of long and sharp teeth, enabling it to prey on even the largest of the sauropods (Dinosaur Facts, 2010). Only one question remains, how do palaeontologists know all of this information and where exactly do dinosaur fossils come from? One of the premier places for fossils of this period is that of the Morrison Foundation, a distinct sequence of late Jurassic rock found in the Western United States. The upper Jurassic Morrison formation is considered to be one of the most opulent sites of dinosaur faunas in the world and provides large amounts of information about the geographical and climatical terrain of that time. The Morrison dinosaur bones were initially discovered in Cimarron County, Oklahoma close to the Oklahoma- New Mexico State line. This incredible discovery revealed initially four different types of dinosaur bones; most of which came from a single genus, Brontosaurus (Stovall, 1938). Extensive quarry operations have been carri ed on at the site of the first discovery; over 3,500 individual bones were collected, providing an indication of the species that made up the dinosaur community during this period including: Ceratosaurus, Stegosaurus and Camptosaurus (Stovall, 1998). One of the remarkable things about the discoveries in the Morrison formation is the excellent quality of the xhibits discovered; a new quarry for Jurassic dinosaurs was found approximately 8 miles east of Cleveland, Emery County, Utah (Stokes, 1945). â€Å"Partial remains of 19 individual dinosaurs were recovered from excavations which measure in plan about 35 by 25 feet. The specimens are referred to species within the following genera: Diplodocus, Brontosaurus, Stegosaurus, Camptosaurus, Ceratosaurus and Antrodemus† (Stokes, pg. 116, 1945). There are several theories that have been suggested by the physical characteristics of this quarry, named after Mr. Malcolm Lloyd of Philidelphia, which could possibly explain the accumul ation of bones; In Morrison time, dinosaurs may have not been any more numerous than in other periods of the Mesozoic, but their bones were excellently preserved indicating the siliceous nature of the bentonitic matrix was likely to be the reason (Stokes, 1945). â€Å"Overlying the bone bed is a 3- to 4-foot layer of almost pure bentonite containing fragments of zircon, quartz, plagioclase, mica and hematite†, which suggests volcanic activity could be responsible for the death of the dinosaurs at the site of the Lloyd quarry (Stokes, 1945). An unusual discovery in this deposit was the ratio of the carnivorous dinosaurs to the herbivorous dinosaurs which was nearly two to one; compared to most other large Morrison bone beds where the ratios are reversed indicating the carnivores to be rare (Stokes, 1945). The abnormally large numbers of the carnivores in the Lloyd quarry could possibly be explained by the scavenging tendencies of the Antrodemus; in this deposit, 10 to 11 sp ecimens of Antrodemus were found, indicating they may have congregated and died from starvation amid the herbivores bones (Stokes, 1945). Many jaws of the Antrodemus species were so well preserved that full sets of teeth were found to be in place; this provided a tremendous amount of dental information including that of tooth growth and tooth replacement, Antrodemus, was theoretically never left with a gap of more than one tooths space on each maxillary or dental bone at any one time† (Stokes, 1945). For palaeontologists, the discovery of the Lloyd quarry was much like finding a buried treasure. The upper Jurassic Morrison formation produced one of the richest fauna deposits in the world, with sediments distributed over more than 1,000,000 km? across the western region of the United States; this includes Wyoming, Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, South Dakota and Idaho. Essentially this deposit represents â€Å"a mosaic of riverine, l acustrine and floodplain environments developed on a vast alluvial plane nourished by the debris from ancestral Rocky Mountains† (Dodson, pg. 08, 1980). It appears the flora productivity was great in order to support an abundant amount of rather large herbivores indicating that some parts of the Morrison area were at times humid enough in order lush vegetation to develop; however, this fauna lacked coals but had a plethora of oxidized sediments, and small aquatic vertebrates were scarce suggesting that water was recurrently in short supply (Dodson, 1980). Dinosaurs of the Morrison were not contained within particular depositional environments but were spread across the complete distribution of accessible habitats; this suggests that these animals were a part of a land-based and cursorial community (Dodson, 1980). One model for the Morrison suggests that the paleoenvironment had both humid and semi-arid conditions, proposing â€Å"a vast alluvial plain with a climate of hig h average rainfall and seasonal extremes of dryness and humidity† (Dodson, p. 211, 1980). The Morrison Formation is the most copious source of the Jurassic dinosaurs that roamed North America; dating back to the Marsh and Cope wars, the Morrison was one of the first areas where the bones of dinosaurs were discovered which reveals its long history (Unknown, 2001). The Jurassic period was considered to be the Age of the Dinosaurs. It started after the Triassic period some 260 million years ago and ended some 144 million years ago, thus spanning a gap of about 60 million years in the middle of the Mesozoic era. The climate was warm, humid, moist and stable giving rise to many new plant and fauna species; the conditions were ideal for them to live and adapt. The abundance of plant food enabled the herbivores to develop and become huge plain dwelling animals and as they became bigger, evolution similarly adapted the carnivores to become larger and more ferocious to deal with the size of its prey. As the land animals developed, equally the climatic conditions favoured the development of marine life; this creating an abundance of fish to support the development of an increasing population of predatory reptiles. It is imperative to give credit where credit is due; without the hard work, research and studies completed by scientists and palaeontologists, we wouldn’t have such a vast amount of dinosaur history available to us. Palaeontology is divided into various sub-disciplines and can be described as the study of what fossils tell us about the ecologies of he past, about evolution, and about our place, as humans, in the world; it integrates knowledge from many different disciplines such as geology, biology, anthropology, ecology, and archaeology to give us a better understanding of the processes that have led to the origination and eventual destruction of the various types of organisms since life began (Unknown, n. d. ). References Dinosaur Facts . (2010). Jurassic Period. Accessed on 20 Feb 2010 from: https://www. dinosaurfact. net/jurassic. php. Dodson, P. , Behrensmeyer, A. K. , Bakker, R. , and McIntosh, J. 980. Taphonomy and Paleoecology of the Dinosaur Beds of the Jurassic Morrison Formation. Paleobiology 6: 208-232. Hallam, A. Crame, J. A. , Mancenido, M. O. , Francis, J. ; Parrish, J. T. 1993. Jurrasic Climates as Inferred from the Sedimentary and Fossil Record [and Discussion]. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 341: 287-296. Kazlev, M (2002). The Jurassic: The Jurassic Period of the Mesozoic Era: 200 to 146 million years ago. Accessed on 22 Feb 2010 from: https://www. palaeos. com/Mesozoic/Jurassic/Jurassic. htm. Palmer, A. R. , Giessman, J. and Rieboldt, S. (2002). The Jurassic Period: 206 to 144 Million Years Ago. Accessed on 25 Jan 2010 from: https://www. ucmp. berkeley. edu/mesozoic/jurassic/jurassintro. html. Smith, D. (2005). Dilophosaurus! A Narrated Exhibition. Accessed on 21 Feb 2010 from: htt ps://www. ucmp. berkeley. edu/dilophosaur/intro. html. Stokes, W. 1945. A New Quarry for Jurassic Dinosaurs. Science 101: 115-117. Stovall, J. W. 1938. The Morrison of Oklahoma and Its Dinosaurs. The Journal of Geology 46: 583-600. Unknown. (2001). The Real Jurassic Park- Morrison and Tendaguru Formations. Accessed on 23 Feb 2010 from: https://rainbow. ldeo. columbia. edu/courses/v1001/morisson14. html. Unknown. (2005). The Jurassic Period: The Age of the Dinosaurs. Accessed on 21 Feb 2010 from: https://www. fossils-facts-and-finds. com/jurassic_period. html. Unknown. (2010). Jurassic Period. Accessed on 20 Feb 2010 from: https://science. nationalgeographic. com/science/prehistoric-world/jurassic. html. Unknown. (n. d. ) Dinosaurs- Herbivorous Dinosaurs. Accessed on 20 Feb 2010 from: https://science. jrank. org/pages/2097/Dinosaur-Herbivorous-dinosaurs. html.

Essay on Western Civilization - 1179 Words

Western Civilization In this essay I will be discussing four of the major themes in this course in terms of progress, they will be religion, humanism, individualism and secularism. I will discuss these concepts within the countries of England, France, and Russia, and show my point of view on each. Religion was very dominant throughout the early history in England, especially during the 16th and 17th centuries. This started to change during the late 17th century, when people started focusing more on human reason rather than religion. One of the reasons that people started losing their faith in the church is because of how the bishops were picked, and how the church itself was generally deteriorating; they werent changing at all†¦show more content†¦When Napoleon III was looking to maintain Catholic support in France, decided to intervene in Italian affairs in the Crimean War and in Mexico. After Napoleons collapse, the Third Republic was hostile to the influential role of the Catholic Church pla yed in French politics and introduced sharply anti-clerical legislation. In Russia religions influence was much different. There wasnt much influence at all in the period of 1815 to 1919. Czar Alexander proposed the Holy Alliance under which monarchs would pledge themselves to rule according to Christian teachings; here alot of them didnt have any sincerity, especially Alexander. Religion also intensified things as in France, Russia decided to intervene when the Greeks revolted against the Turks, claiming the need to protect fellow Christians from the Muslims. Russia has been Communist for a very long time already, and as such they are atheistic and they also persecuted organized religion as a rival for the peoples loyalty. But since the collapse of Communist for reasons other than religion, it has allowed churches to practice freely, like the Russian Orthodox, have shown a surprising amount of popular support. I believe that it was good for the religion to change because that way p eople dont rely wholly upon religion for everything and tend to think more for themselves. Not only that there were more choices of religion, which may have been a bad thingShow MoreRelatedWestern Civilization1515 Words   |  7 PagesCivilization: The West and the Rest Niall Ferguson’s thesis in his book â€Å"Civilization: The West and the Rest,† is to explain and prove why western civilization has exceeded the accomplishments of other nations throughout history up until present day. He attributes this world dominance to six â€Å"killer applications† the west had adopted and advanced beyond the means of any other civilizations. These applications were: competition, science, private property, medicine, consumption, and work. When explainingRead MoreThe Lost Truth : The Western Civilization2828 Words   |  12 PagesThe Lost Truth: The Western Civilization was built by the Catholic Church It is not unusual for an average American to possess a negative view on the Catholic Church. Indeed, historians find it difficult to convince most people that the Catholic Church did not give rise to the cultural and intellectual retrogression experienced during the Middle Ages. Dr. Thomas E. Woods, Jr. wrote a book called â€Å"How the Catholic Church built Western Civilization† to demonstrate that the Church’s contributionsRead MoreThe Influences On Western Civilization1559 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influences on Western Civilization by the Hebrew-Christian and Greco-Roman Traditions Western Civilization, as it is known today, is a coalescence of various cultures, ideologies, and practices that have been preserved over centuries of human life. 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Essay about A Free Society Must Expect Civil Disobedience

A Free Society Must Expect Civil Disobedience Are we morally obliged to obey even unjust laws? Think about what this means. This means that laws, regardless of how unfair, unjust, or immoral they may be, must be followed with no better reason that they are the law. To the thesis that we are obliged to obey even unjust laws, I will argue that the standard objections to Civil Disobedience, given by Singer, are incorrect To begin, however, I believe it is necessary to define an unjust law. According to St. Thomas Aquinas, Any law that uplifts human personality is just. Any law that degrades human personality is unjust. (King, 3) According to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., An unjust law is a code†¦show more content†¦It is true that people may join in disobedience, but if the law is unjust and is disobeyed within the guidelines I put forth later, people joining the disobedience would be a good thing. It would show the support of a strong minority, and may even help the minority to become a majority. The second standard objection says, If the law is to be effective - outside the anarchists utopia - there must be some machinery for detecting and penalizing lawbreakers. This machinery will cost something to maintain and operate, and the cost will have to be met by the community. If I break the law, the community will be put to the expense of enforcement. (Singer, 297) I will concede this point. There is no argument against it. I would, however, pose that the moral cost of obeying a law that one thinks is deplorable is higher than the cost of enforcing the law. I would remind you that mass genocide of non-Aryan races under Hitler was legal. Would we chastise someone for disobeying that law? Also, realistically, the cost is not very high per taxpayer. It is especially small when compared to the cost of morally compromising the entire society. 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The Costs and Consequences of Drone Warfare International Affairs

Question: Discuss about the Essay for The costs and consequences of drone warfare.International Affairs? Answer: Introduction Changes in the management that are increasing at a fast rate and becoming less predictable are leading to a condition where the gathered information is becoming outdated. The trends of business are changing at an alarming rate all over the world and the companies or organizations that do not support change in the system of management (Johnson, 2013). Many in the global sector have acknowledged the importance of leadership in managing emergencies. Strategic leadership, change management and crisis management are very important for an organization to function smoothly. This particular paper will discuss the use of drones in the military system of the United States of America. The U.S. military operates numerous unmanned aerial vehicles or UAVs to target suspect militants in the tribal areas of Pakistan and Yemen. It has been confirmed by President Barrack Obama that the U.S. military is using drones or UAVs to protect the country from external attacks (Byman, 2013). The drones are usually used in conditions where manned flights are considered difficult or too risky. Drones can be referred to unmanned combat aerial vehicle to keep a close watch on the activities of the attackers. The drone operators who are technically skilled people and work for long hours operate the drones. It is because of the tremendous pressure that people are expressing less interest in pursuing the positions of drone operators. This paper will find out the possible outcomes for people backing out from the position and showing less interest in pursuing the position of drone o perators. Strategic Leadership Perspective Strategic leadership is considered as the ability to accommodate visionary operational management by integrating philosophical thoughts with the realities of the company (Schoemaker, Krupp Howland, 2013). It requires the operational supervision of daily activities. It further helps in assuming the implementation and formulation of strategies for unseen events and implementing the long-term objectives to ensure development and survival. The organizational leaders of the present era require strategic thinking skills to foster growth, sustain operations and facilitate smooth functioning of the organizational activities (Carter Greer, 2013). The drones patrol the skies and they are used in launching lethal strikes against the suspected terrorists. Drones help the military officials to reach remote places where normal aircrafts cannot reach. It is because the regions are either difficult or too risky to reach. The drone policy has helped to spark public backlash in Yemen and Pakistan. Drones usually do not create sympathy or anger for terrorist movements in the countries. The drones are piloted and unmanned and they are used to help the military officials to keep an eye on the terrorists or attackers. However, it is seen that the drone operators (also known as the pilots) need to work for a very long time. They are skilled personnel and face tremendous pressure to operate drones for nearly eight long hours. On the contrary, they work six days a week. Therefore, it becomes hectic for them to deliver their services. This is the only reason that people are not willing to pursue the position of a drone operator. This is when strategic leadership is required. A leader can help the military system to pursue other individuals to make decisions voluntarily for the betterment of the military organization. He or she will influence people to operate drones for the betterment of the military operations (Springer, 2013). It can help the individuals to cope with the essential environmental changes. A strategic leader is believed to adjust, reorient and organize the improvements within an organization. A strategic leader is also believed to appeal to the emotions of the group and inspire the team members to achieve success in the end. The leaders in the U.S. military can motivate the individuals to participate in the welfare activities of the country. They can adopt strategies to reduce the working hours of the pilots or increase their pay to gain benefits from the individuals (Kark, Karazi-Presler Tubi, 2016). This will affect the military system of U.S. in a better way and the country can safeguard itself from the attackers. Change Management Leadership is an effective process of generating change within an organization (Hayes, 2014). The leader usually imposes the change. However, it is often considered as a sharing process of the same values and purpose. Leaders should be the change promoters within the organizations. Leaders have the power to motivate and influence others to achieve the desired organizational goals. A leader who imposes change is usually an individual with the capability to influence the employees, teams and organizations to change their behaviors on a certain decision-making process (Cameron Green, 2015). Leadership plays a crucial role in implementing certain organizational changes. Leadership can be quite effective and successful on implementing the organisational changes under the following topics: Creating structural change- leaders need to keep a track of the change phenomena within the organization and providing support through consistent processes and tools. Implementing, as well as, sustaining changes- leaders must develop effective action plans to supervise the progress towards the change. Engaging other people- leaders must be efficient enough to engage people in the decision-making process of the organization. Creating the change case- leaders should be capable enough to create awareness among the employees regarding the necessity of change. Developing and facilitating capability- leaders should be able to sustain people to bring out their motivation to achieve change. In this particular case, the leaders of the U.S. military should speak to the concerned authority to send fewer individuals into war and attacks on the enemies of the country. It will help the country to save the individuals from being ravaged at wars. However, the country needs many behind-the-scenes workforces. It means that the military forces need to keep a watch on the terrorist activities with the use of drones. However, most of the individuals are not showing interest in pursuing the role of a drone operator. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the leaders to influence the people to make them aware of the necessary changes within the military forces (Horowitz Stam, 2014). Crisis Management It is the duty of the leaders to foresee the crisis of the organization. The necessity of leadership in crisis management is acknowledged at the global sector (Coombs, 2014).The leader should take responsible decision during the crisis period for the smooth functioning of the business of the company (Johnson, 2013). During the crisis period, the employees often lose their hope and shows less interest at the workplaces. This particular case depicts a similar situation. The drone pilots are not showing interest to operate the drone due to excessive stress. They work for eight hours a day and six days a week. It is very stressful for them to work for such long hours (Russell, Butkus Figley, 2016). There is often limited funding in the military and therefore, it becomes impossible for the individuals to devote their time to the work for less money. Here comes the responsibility of an efficient leader. A leader should adopt certain measures to motivate and influence the individuals to de liver their best performances. The workforce is diminishing with every passing day, as the individuals are no longer interested to pursue the position of drone operators. The leaders must instill the thoughts of patriotism into the minds of the individuals. They should be motivated to work for their country. The leaders should consider the fact that there is limited funding. The workforces, who go outside at war, have fixed funding, which is quite limited (Boyle, 2013). The leaders should motivate the workforce to continue with their services within the limited funding. They should be made aware that they go at war only for the betterment of the country. This ideology is instilled among the individuals through effective leadership. On the other hand, the leaders should adopt some measures to reduce the pressure of the drone pilots. Few of them can be appointing alternative pilots after a fixed period, offering incentives for hard work and extreme effort. This will help the military forces to cope with the crisis period and defend the enemies through drone operations. Team and shared leadership are best suited for managing crisis within the military operations. Every individual would receive equal opportunity to participate in the decision-making process (Daft, 2014). However, the team leader would take the decision. This would lead to the success of the military operations. Conclusion At the end, it can be concluded that effective leadership is quite necessary for the smooth functioning of the organizational affairs. The leaders in the U.S. military should be efficient enough to manage the team members and motivate them to deliver their best performances for the betterment of the organization. The leaders need to be cautious regarding the operations of the drone pilots. They remain under huge stress and because of the stress, they are backing out from pursuing the position of drone operators. It is the duty and responsibility of the leaders to motivate the officials to manage stress and work for the betterment of the country. This will help the country to prevent themselves from the external attackers and terrorists. Strategic leadership, change management and crisis management define the characteristic and responsibility of a leader to take effective decisions. References Boyle, M. J. (2013). The costs and consequences of drone warfare.International Affairs,89(1), 1-29. Byman, D. (2013). Why drones work.Foreign Affairs,92(4), 32-43. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Carter, S. M., Greer, C. R. (2013). Strategic leadership: Values, styles, and organizational performance.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 1548051812471724. Coombs, W. T. (2014).Ongoing Crisis Communication: Planning, Managing, and Responding: Planning, Managing, and Responding. Sage Publications. Daft, R. (2014).The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Horowitz, M. C., Stam, A. C. (2014). How prior military experience influences the future militarized behavior of leaders.International Organization,68(03), 527-559. Johnson, C. E. (2013).Meeting the ethical challenges of leadership: Casting light or shadow. Sage Publications. Kark, R., Karazi-Presler, T., Tubi, S. (2016). Paradox and challenges in military leadership.Leadership Lessons from Compelling Contexts (Monographs in Leadership and Management, Volume 8) Emerald Group Publishing Limited,8, 157-187. Russell, M. C., Butkus, S. N., Figley, C. R. (2016). Contribution of military organization and leadership factors in perpetuating generational cycle of preventable wartime mental health crises: part one.Psychological Injury and Law,9(1), 55-72. Schoemaker, P. J., Krupp, S., Howland, S. (2013). Strategic leadership: The essential skills.Harvard business review,91(1), 131-134. Springer, P. J. (2013).Military robots and drones: a reference handbook. ABC-CLIO.